Which EU countries consume and produce the most gas? - Romania, the largest producer among the 27 member states

In 2025, domestic demand in the EU for natural gas grew by 2.5% compared to 2024, according to the latest Eurostat figures. The largest increases in consumption across the bloc were recorded in Croatia (11.3%), Portugal (11.2%) and Slovenia (10.3%). In contrast, the largest decreases were seen in Finland (17.7%), Sweden (9.7%) and Estonia (9.6%).
Last year, Germany, Italy and France had the highest domestic demand for natural gas. Gas is mainly used for power generation, home heating and industrial processes. For example, around 30% of households in the EU heat themselves using gas.
Romania is the largest producer of natural gas among the 27 member states. However, the country recorded a 0.8% drop in production. However, this figure could change with the new Black Sea gas pipeline, which is expected to deliver its first supplies in 2027. The 308 km long Tuzla-Podişor pipeline is part of the Neptun Deep project, a large-scale offshore natural gas operation in the Romanian Black Sea, which could offer an alternative to Russian gas for countries such as Hungary and Slovakia.
Romania was followed by the Netherlands in terms of gas production decline, which recorded a 3.5% drop, and Germany, with a 2.3% drop. On the other hand, the EU is heavily dependent on gas imports, with 89% of its supply in 2025 coming from outside the bloc.
The bloc imports gas through pipelines mainly from Norway, Algeria, Russia, the United Kingdom, Azerbaijan and Libya, accounting for 59% of total gas imports, according to the pan-European organization Strategic Perspectives.
By the end of 2027, all imports of Russian gas will be banned in an effort to end the bloc's decades-long dependence on Russian energy after the war in Ukraine. Given their landlocked position, Hungary and Slovakia were granted temporary exemptions from the ban.
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